| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | Epalzeorhynchos |
| Species: | E. frenatum |
About:
The rainbow shark (Epalzeorhynchos frenatum) is a species of Southeast Asian freshwater fish from the Cyprinidaefamily.[2] It is a popular, semi-aggressive aquarium fish. It is also variously known as the ruby shark, red-fin shark, red-finned shark, rainbow sharkminnow, [3] green fringelip labeo, whitefin shark and whitetail sharkminnow.[4][5][6] Unlike true sharks, which belong to Chondrichthyes ("cartilagenous fishes") lineage, the rainbow shark is an actinopterygiian ("ray-finned fish").
Distribution and habitat[edit]
Rainbow sharks are native to the basins of Mekong, Chao Phraya, Xe Bangfai and Maeklong in Indochina.[2] They live in water with sandy substrates, near the river bottom. This species feeds on algae and plankton, and seasonally migrates into flooded areas, then recedes back to the rivers as the floods dry up. [2]
Physical description[edit]
The rainbow shark has an elongated, dark black or dark blue body, or a bright blue body. The snout is pointed. The abdominal area is flat. The fins possess red to orange-red coloration. The linear area from the gill cover, the eye, and the mouth has a characteristic brief stripe. Compared to females, male rainbow sharks have thinner bodies with black lines along the tailfins. Males also have brighter coloration. They can grow up to about 6 in (15 cm) long with an average life span ranging from 4 to 6 years.[4][5][6]
Variants[edit]
The albino red-fin shark or albino rainbow sharkminnow is a variety of rainbow shark with a white body and red/orange fins.[4][7][8] It closely resembles "normal" rainbow sharks in temperament and appearance, thus they share the same common names in the aquarium industry.[9] These have sometimes been referred to as E. munense, but that is a separate species that rarely enters the aquarium trade.[10][11][12]
Aquarium Keeping:
Behavior[edit]
Rainbow sharks are tank-bottom and aquarium-surface cleaners. Being bottom- and mid-level dwellers, they consume leftover fish food, but also eat the algae growing off surfaces. They are known to be peaceful with their own kind in the wild, but have been known to be aggressive with one another if kept together in a tank. Threat displays and fighting are likely to occur. This fighting behavior involves head-and-tail butting, and also biting.[citation needed]. A large rainbow shark will continuously chase a smaller one until the smaller one dies, especially in confined environments like aquaria. It may also increase the risk of the fish jumping out of its tank. This makes breeding difficult. Provision of hiding places and hollowed decors such as plants or artificial cave-like and tunnel-like aquatic ornaments minimize this typical behavior. Due to this behavioral characteristic among its own kind, rainbow sharks are not recommendable to the new aquarist. Keeping them with relatives, such as red-tailed sharks, bala sharks and black sharks should be avoided, as they will chase and attack them as well.[4][5][6]
Tank requirements[edit]
An adult rainbow shark thrives in a minimum of 30 gallons of water, with an aquarium length of 48 inches, at the neutral pH range (6.0 to 8.0 pH), with temperatures between 24 and 27 °C (75 and 81 °F), and water hardness maintained at 5 to 11 dH.[2] They must have this much space, as they frequently swim around quickly and will terrorize other fish in any tank under this size.[4][5][8]
Compatibility[edit]
Rainbow sharks are compatible with barbs and rainbowfish, which are upper- and middle-tank dwellers. They can also live with danios, loaches, plecos, rasboras, and gouramis. They are not compatible with smaller, more timid fish in the tank, as the sharks may chase terrorize them by chasing them out of his/her territory.[4][5][8]
Diet[edit]
Rainbow sharks are not picky herbivorous and omnivorous eaters, but are primarily consumers of algae in the form of tablets, wafers and flakes. They also eat live foods, such as insect larvae, tubifex worms, periphyton, crustaceans, phytoplankton, zooplankton and aquatic insects. Diet also include lettuce and spinach.[4][6]They will also eat frozen bloodworms and brine shrimp.
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